During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated simultaneously at their centromeres. The separated chromosomes are then pulled by the spindle to opposite poles of the cell. Anaphase ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. Finally, during telophase, a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to separate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm.
The chromosomes begin to uncoil, which makes them diffuse and less compact. Along with telophase, the cell undergoes a separate process called cytokinesis that divides the cytoplasm of the parental cell into two daughter cells. Illustration showing the five stages of mitosis. Image credit: Genome Research Limited. A stem cell is a cell with the unique ability to develop into specialised cell types in the body. In the future they may be used to replace cells and tissues that have been damaged or lost due to disease.
Cells are the basic building blocks of living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, all with their own specialised function. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code.
Like a recipe book it holds the instructions for making all the proteins in our bodies. Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
These cells are our sex cells — sperm in males, eggs in females. Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells. How do cells divide? From Genetics Home Reference. Mitosis and meiosis, the two types of cell division.
Topics in the How Genes Work chapter What are proteins and what do they do? How do genes direct the production of proteins? Can genes be turned on and off in cells? During anaphase I the sister chromatids move together to the same pole. During anaphase II the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles. Similarities Mitosis Diploid parent cell Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase In metaphase individual chromosomes pairs of chromatids line up along the equator.
Ends with cytokinesis. Meiosis Diploid parent cell Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase but twice! In metaphase II individual chromosomes pairs of chromatids line up along the equator. Related Content:. What is mitosis?
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