Duryodhana then ordered Dushasana to disrobe Draupadi before everyone as a slave girl has no human rights. The elders and warriors in audience were shocked but did not intervene. As Dushasana began to disrobe her, she prayed to God to protect her honour, and miraculously, God Dharma and Sun God Surya protected her by creating illusions. In some version Lord Krishna protects her by providing her garments an unending length.
Finally as the blind king Dhrithrasthra realized that this humiliation could prompt Draupadi to curse his sons, he intervened, apologizing to Draupadi for the behavior of his sons and turned the winnings of the dice game back over to the Pandava brothers, releasing them from the bondage of slavery. Arjuna shooting at the eye of a fish to win Draupadi in marriage, Kalighat painting. Incensed at the loss of all that he had won, Duryodhana threatened suicide and coerced his father into inviting the Pandavas for one last round of gambling, the terms of which were that the loser would be condemned to 12 years of exile into forests, and a 13th year to be spent incognito, and if the cover be blown during the 13th year, another cycle of 13 years would ensue.
Obeying their uncle's orders, the Pandavas played the round, and again lost to Shakuni's cheating. However, this time, their patience had been nearly pushed to its edge.
During the 12 years of exile in the forest, they prepared for war. Arjuna performed penance and won the entire gamut of celestial weapons Divyasatras as boons from the Gods. The 13th year was spent masquerading as peasants in the servitude of the royal family of Virata, the king of Matsya. Upon completion of the terms of the last bet, the Pandavas returned and demand their kingdom to be rightfully returned to them.
Duryodhana refused to turn Indraprastha over. For the sake of peace, and to avert a disastrous war, Krishna proposed that if Hastinapura agrees to give the Pandavas only five villages, they would be satisfied and would make no more demands. Duryodhana vehemently refused, commenting that he shall not part even with land as much as the point of a needle. Thus, the stage was set for the great war, for which the epic of Mahabharata is known most of all.
The war was intense and was fought for 18 days over the course of which both parties worked around, bent, and even broke rules of warfare. At the end all Kaurava brothers and their entire army was slain, with only four surviving on their side. The Pandavas too lost several allies but the 5 brothers survived. After having won the war, they returned to Hastinapura and Dhritarashtra renounced the kingdom. Yudhisthira was crowned, and after ruling peacefully for many years, the Pandava brothers and their wife departed for the heavens, taking a long journey through the Himalayas.
On this journey, one by one, Draupadi and the four younger brothers fell to their deaths, due to their various shortcomings. Only Yudhisthira, who had never abandoned sanctity and had always upheld his Dharma in fact, some people say only Yudhisthira's thumb fell down, because he lied just once to Drona in the battlefield completed the journey.
Nevertheless, after completing a punitive separation, the four brothers and Draupadi were reunited with Yudhisthira in the heavens. The Five Pandavas in Wayang form. Indonesia Museum , Jakarta. Krishna, being a well wisher of the Pandavas, helped them in various ways during the time of their ordeals, as described below:. Kunti leading Gandhari. Description: Gandhari, blindfolded, supporting Dhritarashtra and following Kunti when Dhritarashtra became old and infirm and retired to the forest.
A miniature painting from a sixteenth-century manuscript of part of the Razmnama, the Persian translation of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. The first three of the Pandavas were the sons of Kunti, Pandu's first wife and the younger two were the sons of Madri Pandu's second wife.
Since Pandu had been cursed to die if ever he had intercourse with a woman, the actual fatherhood of the children is traditionally attributed to various gods, in virtue of a boon that Kunti had received from Durvaasa and had transferred to Madri. Thus, Yudhisthira was the son of Dharma, the god of righteousness; Bhima the son of Vayu , the wind-god; Arjuna the son of Indra , the sky-god; and Nakula and Sahadeva the sons of the Ashwini Gods.
Iravati Karve has suggested in her book, Yuganta , that the actual father of Yudhisthira, or of all of the brothers, may have been Vidura probably since he was considered to be an avatar of Yama , and that this was edited and hidden in the story to strengthen the claim for the kingdom by the brothers. Vidura had been cursed by Sage Mandavya in his last birth that he would take birth as a man and suffer the fate of never becoming a king despite having the qualities of a perfect ruler.
And so he was born as Vidura. On seeing the crown prince of Hastinapura fall into the pool, Bhima laughed at him and taunted him. Jealous of the Pandavas' wealth, he had his uncle, Shakuni, orchestrate the infamous game of dice between the Pandavas and their cousins, the Kauravas.
Yudhisthira gambled away the whole kingdom resulting in his family being exiled for into the forest for twelve years, plus an extra year in anonymity. During their exile, the 4 other Pandavas happened upon a lake, which was haunted by a Yaksha. The Yaksha challenged the brothers to answer his moral questions before drinking the water; the four Pandavas laughed and drank the water anyway.
As a result, they choked on the water and died. Yudhishthira went in last, answered many questions put forth to him by the Yaksha and revived his brothers. He asked for any other wish as he was impressed and told him he could ask for wealth, strength, power, anything he wished.
Yudhishthira said he already got the strength, wealth and power when all his four brothers were revived and said he could not ask for any other wish. Sahadeva said if you do not use this wish, we might be in trouble in the future.
Arjuna knowing that his brother Sahadeva knows the future told Yudhishthira to ask another wish. Bhima and Nakula also knew that Sahadeva and Arjuna were very smart and told him to use his wish. Later Yama, his father told him to ask for a wish. Yudhishthira said, "Asking for 1 or 2 boons is not being greedy but asking for 3 or more boons is being greedy and it is one of the gravest sins. My brothers are insisting me to ask for a wish and the person who is ready to give me a boon, my father also wants me to ask for another boon.
I do not ask for being the wealthiest man nor being the most powerful man. All I ask is that me, my brothers and Draupadi should not be recognized during the 13th year of exile.
Urvashi , the most beautiful of all the apsaras, made romantic advances towards Arjuna when he visited his father, Indra, during the last year of this exile. Arjuna rejected her advances because Urvashi was his own ancestor, the wife of King Pururavas, so respectively called her his mother.
But Urvashi grew angry and cursed him to lose his manhood for one year. Later that day, the year of Agyatavasa was over. Arjuna took Uttar away from the army to the forest where he had kept his divine bow, Gandiva and revealed his identity to Uttara. During their last year in exile, they went and hid themselves in the kingdom of Matsya, which was under the rule of King Virata.
Yudhisthiraevents occured whilst the Pandavas resided in the Kingdom of Matsya. Kichaka, the brother of the queen and the commander of Virata Army fell for Sairandhri and tried to attain her by force. This ultimately lead to him being killed by Vallabha Bhima. Arjuna posed as a eunuch, took the name Brihannala, and taught song and dance to Uttara, the princess of the kingdom of Virata.
Yudhisthira took the role of the king's advisor due to his extreme wisdom and took the name of Kanka. Bhima took the role of the head chef due to the fact that he loved food and could also cook it well, and took the name of Vallabha.
Having learned the arts of dance and music from the celestial apsaras themseves, Arjun took the role of an eunuch and named himself Brihannala. Nakula became a equine expert and renamed himself Granthika. Sahadaeva identified as a tender of cows and assumed the name of Tantipala. Several events occured whilst the Pandavas resided in the Kingdom of Matsya. The Kauravas tried to find out the hidden pandavas and send out their spies to weed them out.
Only Dronacharya and Bhishma argued that Pandavas should be welcomed back with respect now that they had served their exile.
The king of Trigartas, Susharma who was an ally of the Kauravas attacked and pilfered the Matsya kingdom. Bhishma set out to defeat him and gain back the bounty. At the same time, Kauravas attacked the kingdom from the other side and the Prince Uttarakumara was sent out in defense.
He feared war and was encouraged by Arjuna who eventually battleed the whole Kaurava army alone and defeated them. Pandavas left for Hastinapura having completed the 13 year period of total exile. Duryodhana refused to yield Indraprastha. For the sake of peace and to avert a disastrous war, Krishna proposed that if Hastinapur agrees to give the Pandavas only five villages named Indraprastha Delhi , Swarnprastha Sonipat , Panprastha Panipat , Vyaghrprastha Baghpat and Tilprastha Tilpat if these five villages given they would be satisfied and would make no more demands.
Duryodhana vehemently refused, commenting that he would not part even with land as much as the point of a needle. Thus the stage was set for the great war, for which the epic of Mahabharata is known most of all.
The war was intense and lasted 18 days, over the course of which both parties worked around, bent and even broke rules of warfare. In the end, all Kaurava brothers and their entire army was slain, with only three surviving on their side. The Pandavas too lost several allies but the five brothers survived.
After having won the war, Yudhishthira was crowned the king. At the end of the war, only 10 survived the war on both sides, namely Ashwatthama, Kripacharya and Kritverma on the Kaurava side and the five Pandavas, Krishna and Saatyakee on the Pandava side.
The Pandavas ruled Hastinapur for 36 years and established a righteous kingdom. Shortly after Krishna left the Earth, they all decided that the time had come for them to renounce the world, as the age of Kali had started.
For this purpose, they all climbed Mount Kailash, which leads to the Swarga Loka. On their way, all except Yudhishthira slipped and died one by one. Yudhishthira was accompanied by a dog who was none other than God Yama himself. The first to die was Draupadi; she was imperfect because she loved Arjuna more than her other husbands. Then it was Sahadeva, imperfect because he was overconfident about his knowledge in science.
He was followed by Nakula, imperfect because he was over-enthusiastic about his good looks. Then fell Arjuna, imperfect because he was proud of his archery skills. Second last was Bhima, imperfect because he killed his enemies brutally, thus enjoying their sufferings. Only the eldest pandava, Yudhisthira, reached the door of Swarga Loka heaven , carried on Indra's chariot.
On reaching Heaven, he did not find either his virtuous brothers or his wife Draupadi. Instead, he finds Duryodhana sitting on a divine throne. He wanted an explanation from his father, Yama, the Lord of Death. Yama explained that the Kauravas had been allowed into heaven because they died as warriors on the battlefield. This earned them so much merit and credit that it wiped out all their debts.
Yudhisthira demanded to know where his brothers and his wife were. He was then taken to hell. Yama explained that they were experiencing the reactions of their actions but it was temporary. Once the debt had been repaid, they would join them in Swarga. Yudhisthira loyally met his brothers, but the sight and sound of gore and blood horrified him. Though initially he was tempted to flee, he mastered himself and remained after hearing the voices of his beloved brothers and Draupadi calling out to him, asking him to stay with them in their misery.
Yudhisthira decided to remain, ordering the divine charioteer to return. He preferred to live in hell with good people than in the heaven of his enemies. Eventually, this turned out to be another illusion to test him.
Yama explained to Yudhishthira that it was all illusion created by Yama himself. It was a punishment to Yudhishthira to feel sad and soak tears on seeing his beloved ones being punished.
It was because Drona felt sad on hearing fake news that his son was dead. Yudhishthira the told the message incompletely due to which Drona felt sad and cried in grief.
Because of this, he had to feel sad in a similar manner. Hence Yama created this illusion. In reality, the pandavas and Draupadi reached heaven just after their deaths. Yama explained everything and Yudhishthira reached heaven with his mortal body. Pandavas were the incarnation of previous Indra's.
After the Duration, the lifespan of Indra, is completed Krishna assures Pandavas of offering them Moksha for their Devotion and purity. In fact, he was the favorite disciple of Guru Dronacharya.
He was the best archer of his time, he mastered archery to the best possible level. Arjun defeated Bhishma, Drona, Ashwatthama, and Karna. He was popularly known as Gandivadhari wielder of Gandiva. He was a grandmaster in archery, he possessed divine and celestial weapons. Arjuna knew the secrets of invoking and recalling them.
He acquired divine weapons from Indra and other gods. He obtained the Pashupatastra from Lord Shiva himself. Arjuna had command over many devastating weapons such as Brahmashira, Brahmastra, Rudra, Vajra, and Vaishnavastra.
He was even a talented singer and dancer. Nakula was the fourth Pandava brother. Nakula was the spiritual son of Ashwin twin Nasatya. Nakula was very attractive, humble, helpful, and diplomatic. He conquered the western direction during the Rajasuya Yagna. He was an excellent sword fighter. He was skilled in wielding unusual weapons. Nakula was also a master of equestrian arts and sciences. He possessed exceptional skills in chariotry and riding horses, he was known for his excellent skills in understanding horses.
Sahadeva was the youngest brother of the Pandavas. Sahadeva was the spiritual son of the Ashwin twin Dasra. Sahadeva was considered the wisest of the Pandava brothers. He was the most mysterious and introverted, he was an expert in sword fighting.
He was also a master in Axe fighting. Additionally, he was an able cowherd. He was capable of maintaining cattle. He could assess their health, milk them, and produce milk products. Sahadeva had mastery over religious scriptures and other branches of knowledge. He had a strong sense of premonition. Sahadeva had conquered the southern direction up to the kingdom of Lanka during the Rajasuya War. In fact, Kunti had a boon from Sage Durvasa that he could bear children from Gods without having a marital affair with them.
Kunti also transferred her boon to Madri. Kunti and Madri used this boon to produce children. You would probably know that the Panch Pandav in the epic Mahabharata shared a wife named Draupadi.
However, apart from that, Yudhishtira married Devika, who was the daughter of Govasana Tribe. They had a son named Yaudheya. Bhima married Valandhara, who was the daughter of King Kashi.
They had a son named Sarvaga. Bhima also married a Rakshansi named Hidimba. She fell in love with Bhima and shared her feeling with Kunti, who allowed Hidimba to marry Bhima. They had a son named Gathotkaksha.
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